Table 1.
Non-olfactory Characteristics of the ASD and TD Groups
| Subject | Gender | Age | IQ | VABS | ADOS |
ADI |
Subject | Gender | Age | SCQ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social | RRB | Severity | Interaction | Communication | RRB | |||||||||
| ASD 1 | m | 7.08 | – | 82 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 4 | TD 1 | m | 7.50 | 1 |
| ASD 2 | m | 6.33 | 71a | 77 | 15 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 8 | TD 2 | m | 5.58 | 2 |
| ASD 3 | m | 4.17 | – | 68 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 17 | 12 | 2 | TD 3 | m | 4.58 | 10 |
| ASD 4 | m | 10.00 | 90a | 78 | 13 | 3 | 9 | 20 | 15 | 9 | TD 4 | m | 9.42 | 10 |
| ASD 5 | m | 5.58 | 118b | 97 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 23 | 12 | 7 | TD 5 | m | 5.25 | 8 |
| ASD 6 | m | 6.33 | 104b | 85 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | TD 6 | m | 7.25 | 0 |
| ASD 7 | m | 4.92 | 104b | 78 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 19 | 20 | 12 | TD 7 | m | 4.33 | 5 |
| ASD 8 | m | 6.83 | 94b | 71 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 9 | 3 | TD 8 | m | 7.08 | 1 |
| ASD 9 | m | 7.33 | 134b | 83 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | TD 9 | m | 7.33 | 1 |
| ASD 10 | f | 9.67 | 73a | 75 | 19 | 0 | 10 | 23 | 14 | 2 | TD 10 | f | 7.00 | 2 |
| ASD 11 | m | 4.92 | 102b | 89 | 11 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 5 | TD 11 | m | 4.58 | 2 |
| ASD 12 | m | 4.33 | 130b | 74 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 18 | 19 | 10 | TD 12 | m | 4.08 | 6 |
| ASD 13 | m | 5.92 | 83b | 76 | 15 | 3 | 10 | 21 | 19 | 12 | TD 13 | m | 5.67 | 1 |
| ASD 14 | m | 11.58 | 40a | 63 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 15 | 12 | 4 | TD 14 | m | 10.42 | 1 |
| ASD 15 | m | 6.17 | – | 94 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 4 | TD 15 | m | 6.50 | 0 |
| ASD 16 | m | 9.33 | – | 69 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 20 | 8 | TD 16 | m | 8.83 | 0 |
| ASD 17 | m | 11.08 | 106a | 88 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 4 | TD 17 | m | 10.08 | 6 |
| ASD 18 | m | 4.92 | – | 92 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 4 | 3 | TD 18 | m | 4.08 | 0 |
| Averages and SDs | ||||||||||||||
| Average (%) | 94 | 7.00 | 96.08 | 79.94 | 9.72 | 3.39 | 7.00 | 13.50 | 11.11 | 5.61 | 94 | 6.65 | 3.11 | |
| SD | 2.33 | 25.57 | 9.52 | 4.17 | 1.58 | 2.06 | 6.26 | 5.98 | 3.45 | 2.05 | 3.46 | |||
ASD measures are from the diagnostic procedure at the Autism Center, which typically includes the following: full-scale IQ using the Wechsler Scales of Intelligence (WISC-IV) [47] or Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) [48] (four of the five missing IQ scores reflect large gaps across the IQ subscales that prevented derivation of a final score; note that the subscale data implied average IQ for these children); Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) [16]; Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS; a semi-structured, interactive schedule designed to assess social and communicative functioning [49]; to assess autism symptom severity, we used the standardized ADOS severity score [14]); and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R; a semi-structured interview administered to parents [50]). Values of severity range between 1 and 10, with a cutoff of 3 for inclusion in ASDs. All TD participants were screened for ASD using the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) [46], a 40-item parent-report questionnaire for brief screening. A dash (“–“) indicates that the test was not preformed or could not be evaluated.
WISC-IV.
WPPSI-III.