Table 3.
Socio-demographic and health measures of patients with 12-month alcohol dependence by treatment and sex
| Male patients with AD (N = 558) | Female patients with AD (N = 262) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No treatment received (N = 423) | Treatment received (N = 135) | No treatment received (N = 214) | Treatment received (N = 48) | |
| Age mean (SD) | 44.5 (14.2) | 49.0 (11.5)a | 43.4 (14.7) | 47.1 (11.3) |
| SES – self classified % (CI) below average | 33.2 (28.6 - 37.9) | 37.5 (28.9 - 46.1) | 30.6 (24.3 - 37.0) | 41.6 (27.1 - 56.1) |
| Unemployed for health or other reason % (CI) | 23.5 (19.4 - 27.6) | 26.4 (18.8 - 34.1) | 26.4 (20.5 - 32.3) | 31.5 (18.0 - 44.9) |
| Smoking % (CI) | 59.0 (54.2 - 63.8) | 69.1 (61.0 - 77.2) | 53.3 (46.5 - 60.1) | 54.4 (39.8 - 68.9) |
| BMI mean (SD) | 26.3 (5.3) | 26.6 (6.0) | 24.8 (5.5) | 25.9 (6.0) |
| Hypertension % (CI) | 31.2 (26.7 - 35.7) | 44.7 (36.0 - 53.4) | 28.0 (21.9 - 34.1) | 40.1 (25.6 - 54.7) |
| Liver problems % (CI) | 10.9 (8.0 - 13.9) | 28.1 (20.1 - 36.1)a | 7.6 (3.9 - 11.3) | 25.7 (12.8 - 38.5) |
| Depression % (CI) | 10.5 (7.5 - 13.5) | 20.6 (13.6 - 27.6) | 13.1 (8.3 - 17.9) | 32.5 (18.4 - 46.6) |
| Anxiety % (CI) | 14.1 (10.8 - 17.4) | 28.0 (20.0 - 35.9)a | 18.3 (13.0 - 23.5) | 34.4 (20.2 - 48.6) |
| K10 | ||||
| Above cut-off for serious mental distress % (CI) | 8.2 (5.5 - 10.9) | 20.6 (13.5 - 27.7)a | 13.9 (9.1 - 18.6) | 14.2 (3.2 - 25.2) |
| Total score mean (SD) | 8.9 (7.6) | 13.4 (9.3)a | 11.3 (8.9) | 12.7 (9.1) |
| WHODAS 2.0 mean (SD) | ||||
| Number of days of inability to carry out usual activities or work due to health condition | 2.3 (6.4) | 4.4 (9.0) | 2.2 (5.7) | 2.2 (6.4) |
| Total score | 12.1 (15.4) | 18.5 (19.4)a | 13.0 (14.7) | 17.5 (17.5) |
| Amount of ethanol used daily (in gram)b mean (SD) | 50.8 (46.2) | 90.3 (78.8)a | 43.3 (48.7) | 64.9 (63.4) |
| Chronic heavy drinkingb % (CI) at least 100 g ethanol daily | 12.6 (8.5 - 16.7) | 29.9 (20.2 - 39.6)a | 9.3 (3.1 - 15.4) | 23.1 (5.2 - 41.1) |
| Binge drinkingb % (CI) at least 200 g ethanol at least weekly | 15.6 (11.1 - 20.2) | 21.6 (12.8 - 30.4) | 10.2 (3.9 - 16.6) | 19.2 (2.3 - 3.6) |
Note. Data was weighted with inverse sampling probabilities.
AD = 12-month alcohol dependence, determined by GP & CIDI. SD = standard deviation. SES = socioeconomic status. CI = 95 % confidence interval based on standard error. BMI = Body-Mass-Index. K10 = Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; cut-off for severe mental distress was 21 points in a total score range from 0 – 40. WHODAS 2.0 = World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 – total score range: 0 – 100.
ap significant for Bonferroni-adjusted thresholds (p < .05/16 tests on the same sample = .003125) in Wald tests comparing AD cases with and without treatment within sex.
bexcluding past-year abstainers and low-level drinkers (i.e. drunk less than 10 g pure ethanol per day) from all analyses