Table 1.
Characteristics and methodological quality of the included studies.
| Study | Design | No. of Patients Assessed (O/N) | Range of Ages (years) | Follow-up (months) | Internal Fixation | Nonoperative Treatment | Jadad Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smith (2001) | RCT | 30/35 | Adults | 12 | Plate | Sling | 3 |
| Jubel (2005) | QRCT | 26/27 | Adults | 6 | Nail | Bandage | 1 |
| COTS (2007) | RCT | 62/49 | 16–60 | 12 | Plate | Sling | 3 |
| Figueiredo (2008) | RCT | 24/16 | 18–58 | 12 | Plate | Sling | 3 |
| Judd (2009) | RCT | 29/28 | 17–40 | 12 | Nail | Sling | 3 |
| Smekal (2009) | RCT | 30/30 | 18–65 | 24 | Nail | Sling | 3 |
| Böhme (2011) | QRCT | 58/38 | 18–70 | 8 | Plate/Nail | Bandage | 1 |
| Chen (2011) | RCT | 30/30 | 18–63 | 15 | Nail | Sling | 3 |
| Mirzatolooei (2011) | RCT | 26/24 | 18–65 | 12 | Plate | Sling | 3 |
| Kulshrestha (2011) | QRCT | 45/28 | 20–50 | 18 | Plate | Sling | 1 |
| Virtanen (2012) | RCT | 26/25 | 18–70 | 12 | Plate | Sling | 3 |
| Robinson (2013) | RCT | 86/92 | 16–60 | 12 | Plate | CollarCuff | 4 |
| Mohsen (2014) | QRCT | 35/30 | 18–60 | 6 | Plate | Bandage | 1 |
O/N: operative group/nonoperative group, RCT: randomized controlled trial, QRCT: quasi-randomized controlled trial.