Table 1. General characteristics of the study population.
| Low OPG eGFR ≥60 | Elevated OPG eGFR ≥60 | Low OPG eGFR <60 | Elevated OPG eGFR <60 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 459 | 414 | 191 | 228 |
| Osteoprotegerin, ng/mL | 1.8 [1.5–2.0] | 2.7 [2.4–3.1] | 1.8 [1.6–2.0] | 2.8 [—2.0] |
| CKD-EPI eGFR, mL/min/1.73m 2 | 74.1 ± 8.6 | 73.2 ± 8.7 | 52.1 ± 6.4 | 50.9 ± 7.1 |
| Age, years * | 74.6 ± 2.5 | 75.3 ± 2.6 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 76.1 ± 3.0 |
| Body mass index, kg/m 2 | 27.2 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 4.6 | 27.5 ± 4.3 | 27.7 ± 5.5 |
| Calcium treatment, yes (%) | 242 (52.7) | 224 (54.1) | 81 (42.9) | 123 (53.9) |
| Smoking, yes (%) | 170 (37.2) | 151 (36.7) | 78 (40.8) | 76 (33.8) |
| Disease history | ||||
| Diabetes, yes (%) * | 20 (4.4) | 34 (8.2) | 11 (5.8) | 22 (9.6) |
| Renal disease, yes (%) * | 2 (0.4) | 5 (1.2) | 6 (3.1) | 10 (4.4) |
| Coronary heart disease, yes (%) * | 32 (7.0) | 32 (7.7) | 20 (10.5) | 34 (14.9) |
| Ischemic cerebrovascular disease, yes (%) * | 5 (1.1) | 13 (3.1) | 10 (5.2) | 13 (5.7) |
| Heart failure, yes (%) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) |
| History of hormone replacement therapy, yes (%) | 74 (16.2) | 65 (15.8) | 34 (17.8) | 31 (13.7) |
| Blood Pressure † | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg * | 136.2 ± 17.0 | 139.7 ± 18.5 | 138.0 ± 20.5 | 138.5 ± 17.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 72.4 ± 10.3 | 73.6 ± 10.6 | 73.9 ± 12.0 | 72.8 ± 11.6 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 93.6 ± 10.9 | 95.7 ± 11.7 | 95.2 ± 13.5 | 94.7 ± 11.8 |
| Lipid profiles ‡ | ||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 226 ± 43 | 226 ± 41 | 226 ± 40 | 231 ± 46 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 141 ± 38 | 143 ± 38 | 141 ± 37 | 145 ± 43 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L * | 58 ± 15 | 56 ± 14 | 54 ± 13 | 54 ± 14 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L * | 131 ± 64 | 134 ± 56 | 156 ± 77 | 155 ± 71 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Anti-hypertensives, yes (%) * | 164 (35.7) | 166 (40.1) | 93 (48.7) | 129 (56.6) |
| Statins, yes (%) * | 71 (15.5) | 80 (19.3) | 46 (24.1) | 49 (21.5) |
| Low dose aspirin, yes (%) * | 171 (15.5) | 93 (22.5) | 42 (22.0) | 68 (29.5) |
| Comorbidity score, (1–7) * | 1 [0–1.0] | 1 [0–2.0] | 1 [0–2.0] | 1 [0–2.0] |
Data expressed as mean ± SD or number and (%). Abbreviations: OPG, osteoprotegerin; CKD, chronic kidney disease; mmHg, millimeters mercury; CKD-EPI eGFR, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration estimated glomerular filtration rate.
* Significantly different between groups by ANOVA or χ2 test where appropriate (P<0.05)
† measured in 1,252 participants and
‡ measured in 974 participants.