Table 2. 15-year cause of death.
| Low OPG eGFR ≥60 | Elevated OPG eGFR ≥60 | Low OPG eGFR <60 | Elevated OPG eGFR <60 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 459 | 414 | 191 | 228 | |
| Number of deaths * | 162 (35.3) | 182 (44.0) | 74 (38.7) | 129 (56.6) | <0.001 |
| Primary cause of death (PCoD) | |||||
| CVD, No. (%) | 62 (13.5) | 61 (14.8) | 30 (15.7) | 57 (27.2) | 0.001 |
| Cancer, No. (%) | 51 (11.1) | 54 (13.1) | 16 (8.4) | 26 (11.5) | 0.405 |
| “Other”, No. (%) | 49 (10.7) | 67 (16.2) | 28 (14.7) | 46 (20.2) | 0.007 |
| Multiple cause of death (MCoD) | |||||
| CVD, No. (%) | 96 (20.9) | 116 (28.1) | 49 (25.7) | 93 (41.2) | <0.001 |
| CHD, No. (%) | 47 (10.2) | 50 (12.1) | 25 (13.1) | 54 (23.9) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic cerebrovascular disease, No. (%) | 41 (8.9) | 26 (6.3) | 19 (9.9) | 26 (11.5) | 0.130 |
| Peripheral arterial disease, No. (%) | 6 (1.3) | 5 (1.2) | 2 (1.0) | 6 (2.7) | 0.441 |
| Heart failure, No. (%) | 22 (4.8) | 33 (8.0) | 9 (4.7) | 19 (8.4) | 0.106 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 34 (7.4) | 43 (10.4) | 17 (8.8) | 27 (11.9) | 0.220 |
| Renal failure, No. (%) | 11 (2.4) | 22 (5.3) | 10 (5.2) | 24 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Cancer, No. (%) | 65 (14.2) | 58 (14.0) | 18 (9.4) | 38 (16.8) | 0.184 |
| Dementia, No. (%) | 31 (6.8) | 33 (8.0) | 14 (7.3) | 28 (12.4) | 0.081 |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 15 (3.3) | 21 (5.1) | 4 (2.1) | 12 (5.3) | 0.197 |
| Respiratory, No. (%) | 52 (11.3) | 60 (14.5) | 17 (8.9) | 41 (18.1) | 0.019 |
| COPD | 25 (5.4) | 33 (8.0) | 9 (4.7) | 25 (11.1) | 0.025 |
| “Other respiratory” excluding COPD | 27 (5.9) | 27 (6.5) | 8 (4.2) | 16 (7.1) | 0.619 |
| Infectious and parasitic, No. (%) | 10 (2.2) | 14 (3.4) | 4 (2.1) | 5 (2.2) | 0.641 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD or number and (%). P value represents overall P value for the trend by χ2 test. Abbreviations: OPG, osteoprotegerin; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD cardiovascular disease; CHD coronary heart disease, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*Disease specific multiple cause of deaths numbers do not add up to total mortality as multiple causes of death are possible.