Table 1. Participant characteristics.
| LH-S | LH-A | Controls | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 18 (8 females) | 24 (13 females) | 29 (16 females) |
| Age (yrs) | 59.4 ± 7.7 | 57.7 ± 8.8 | 61.5 ± 7.4 |
| Education (yrs) | 9.5 ± 3.7 | 10.8 ± 2.9 | 10.8 ± 2.8 |
| MMSE | 27.9 ± 1.9 | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 29.1± 1.1 |
| GDS | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 3.9 ± 3.1 |
| Disease duration (yrs) | 1.3± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | N/A |
| UPDRS I | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.9 | N/A |
| UPDRS II | 5.8 ± 2.9 | 6.4 ± 2.6 | N/A |
| UPDRS III | 9.6 ± 3.5 | 9.4 ± 3.2 | N/A |
| Hoehn and Yahr | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | N/A |
| Tremor | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | N/A |
| Bradykinesia | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | N/A |
| Rigidity | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | N/A |
| Gait / Posture | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | N/A |
| Bulbar abnormalities | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | N/A |
| L-UPDRS III | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 0 ± 0.2 | N/A |
| R-UPDRS III | 0 ± 0 | 6.7 ± 2.0 | N/A |
| PD-dominant | 8 tremor; 2 PIGD; 3 intermediate | 12 tremor; 2 PIGD; 8 intermediate | N/A |
Values are means ± SD. MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. L-UPDRS III = left side scores of UPDRS part III; R-UPDRS III = right side scores of UPDRS part III. PIGD = postural instability—gait difficulty. PD-dominance was based on method employed in [44].