Table 1.
Sample distribution of factors at the most recent annual clinic visit by pressure ulcer status
| Pressure Ulcer Status |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | n (%) | Yes | No |
| 3153 (100) | 603 (19.1) | 2550 (80.9) | |
| SB type | |||
| Myelomeningocele | 2566 (81.4) | 553 (21.5) | 2013 (78.5) |
| Others | 587 (18.6) | 50 (8.5) | 537 (91.5) |
| Level of lesion* | |||
| Sacral | 886 (28.1) | 63 (7.1) | 823 (92.9) |
| Low-lumbar | 565 (17.9) | 89 (15.8) | 476 (84.3) |
| Mid-lumbar | 867 (27.5) | 215 (24.8) | 652 (75.2) |
| High-lumbar | 285 (9.0) | 67 (23.5) | 218 (76.5) |
| Thoracic | 550 (17.4) | 169 (30.7) | 381 (69.3) |
| Wheelchair use | |||
| Yes | 1421 (45.1) | 360 (25.3) | 1061 (74.7) |
| No | 1732 (54.9) | 243 (14.0) | 1489 (86.0) |
| Incontinence | |||
| Urinary | |||
| Yes | 1851 (58.7) | 375 (20.3) | 1476 (79.7) |
| No | 1302 (41.3) | 228 (17.5) | 1074 (82.5) |
| Stool | |||
| Yes | 1662 (52.7) | 319 (19.2) | 1343 (80.8) |
| No | 1491 (47.3) | 284 (19.1) | 1207 (81.0) |
| Neurologic surgery | |||
| Chiari II | |||
| decompression† | |||
| Yes | 235 (7.5) | 64 (27.2) | 171 (72.8) |
| No | 2918 (92.6) | 539 (18.5) | 2379 (81.5) |
| Shunt† | |||
| Yes | 2077 (65.9) | 473 (22.8) | 1604 (77.2) |
| No | 1076 (34.1) | 130 (12.1) | 946 (87.9) |
| Tethered cord | |||
| release‡ | |||
| Yes | 142 (4.5) | 31 (21.8) | 111 (78.2) |
| No | 3011 (95.5) | 572 (19.0) | 2439 (81.0) |
| Orthopedic surgery‡ | |||
| Above the knee | |||
| Yes | 120 (3.8) | 35 (29.2) | 85 (70.8) |
| No | 3033 (96.2) | 568 (18.7) | 2465 (81.3) |
| Below the knee | 211 (6.7) | 50 (23.7) | 161 (76.3) |
| Yes | |||
| No | 2942 (93.3) | 553 (18.8) | 2389 (81.2) |
| Urology surgery‡ | |||
| Yes | 285 (9.0) | 60 (21.0) | 225 (79.0) |
| No | 2868 (91.0) | 543 (18.9) | 2325 (81.1) |
| Recent surgery | |||
| Yes | 649 (20.6) | 149 (23.0) | 500 (77.0) |
| No | 2504 (79.4) | 454 (18.1) | 2050 (81.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2059 (65.3) | 413 (20.1) | 1646 (79.9) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 256 (8.1) | 59 (23.1) | 197 (76.9) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 651 (20.7) | 103 (15.8) | 548 (84.2) |
| Asian | 130 (4.1) | 14 (10.8) | 116 (89.2) |
| Unknown | 57 (1.8) | 14 (24.6) | 43 (75.4) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1494 (47.4) | 299 (20.0) | 1195 (80.0) |
| Female | 1659 (52.6) | 304 (18.3) | 1355 (81.7) |
| Age group (y)* | |||
| 2–<10 | 1177 (37.3) | 144 (12.2) | 1033 (87.8) |
| 10–20 | 1420 (45.0) | 321 (22.6) | 1099 (77.4) |
| >20 | 556 (17.6) | 138 (24.8) | 418 (75.2) |
| Insurance type | |||
| Public | 2066 (65.5) | 414 (20.0) | 1652 (80.0) |
| Private | 1087 (34.5) | 189 (17.4) | 898 (82.6) |
NOTE. Values are n (%). The mean ages for each age group were 6.3±2.1, 14.9±2.8, 27.8±8.8y in an order.
*
Treated as a continuous variable in the main analysis.
†
Any surgery history from birth to the last annual visit.
‡
Any surgery history from enrollment to the last annual visit.