Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| HSC cSLE (N=132) |
HSC healthy controls (N=178) |
UM cSLE (N=25) |
UM JIA (N=21) |
UM healthy controls (N=29) |
p value+ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SEM) | 14.8 ± 2.7 | 14.4 ± 2.1 | 18.2 ± 2.7 | 15.4 ± 2.3 | 14.5 ± 4.7 | <0.001* |
| Gender M:F | 23:109 | 84:94 | 3:22 | 8:13 | 8:21 | 0.078** |
| Mean duration of disease, years | 2.1 ± 2.1 | N/A | 4.0 ± 3.0 | 6.0 ± 5.4 | N/A | <0.01*** |
| Range of disease duration, years | 0.2 – 13.3 | N/A | 0 – 9.0 | 0 – 15.0 | N/A | |
| Current Medications (n(%)) | ||||||
| NSAID | 14 (11) | 10 (40) | 16 (76) | ****<0.001 | ||
| ACE- or ARB | 25 (19) | 15 (60) | None* | <0.001 | ||
| Prednisone | 82 (62) | 13 (52) | 1 (5) | 0.377 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) | 114 (86) | 24 (96) | 12 (57) | 0.008 | ||
| Mycophenolate | 24 (18) | 11 (44) | None | 0.008 | ||
| Azathioprine | 42 (32) | 3 (12) | None | 0.054 | ||
| Cyclophosphamide | 17 (13) | 1 (4) | None | 0.312 | ||
| Methotrexate | 7 (5) | 1 (4) | 5 (24) | 0.008 | ||
| Cyclosporine | 3 (2) | 2 (8) | 1 (5) | 0.323 | ||
| IVIG | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | None | 1 | ||
|
Vascular markers (mean ± SEM) |
||||||
| CIMT, mm | 0.410 ± 0.050 | 0.439 ± 0.045 | <0.001 | |||
| FMD, % change | 8.2 ± 3.9 | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 0.808 | |||
| PWV, m/s | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.328 | |||
Data shown as mean ± standard deviation or N (%).
Medications primarily used for treatment of SLE were only compared between the two cSLE cohorts as these are not used in JIA.
One-way ANOVA used for multiple comparisons of continuous variables and Chi-square used for multiple comparisons of categorical variables.
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; cSLE: childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; F: female; FMD: flow-mediated dilatation; HSC: Hospital for Sick Children; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulins; JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; M: male; NS: not significant; NSAIDS: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PWV: pulse wave velocity; UM: University of Michigan.
Statistics used was one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons, differences evident through uncorrected Fisher’s LSD
comparing HcSLE with UMcSLE, other comparisons in age not significant;
chi square analysis for all groups;
when comparing HcSLE with UMSLE;
comparing HSC cSLE with UM SLE