Table 2.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Lonicerae flos.

Species	Part/compound	Detection methods	References
Lonicerae japonicae flos	Water extract	Carrageenan-induced paw swelling model, dimethylbenzene/formalin-induced inflammatory model, cotton ball granulomatous hyperplasia model, cervicitis model, Escherichia coli infection model, Raw264.7 cell activation model, trypsin-induced mast cell activation model, human keratinocyte three-dimensional culture inflammatory activation model	[50, 52, 54, 56, 59–61]
	Alcohol extract 30%	Croton oil-induced inflammatory model	[55]
	Alcohol extract 57%	Egg white-induced paw swelling model, dimethylbenzene-induced inflammatory model	[51, 53]
	Alcohol extract 70%	LPS-induced Raw264.7 cell activation model	[62]
	Alcohol extract 95%	Resection wound model, H1N1-infected human bronchial epithelial cell line A549 model	[57, 156]
	Alcohol extract	Ovalbumin-induced asthma model	[58]
	Supercritical carbon dioxide extract	Dimethylbenzene-induced inflammatory model	[51]
Lonicerae flos	Water extract of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.	Formalin pain model, acetic acid-writhing model, xylene-induced inflammation model, carrageenan-induced paw swelling model, yeast thermal model	[85]
	Water extract of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. flower	Acetic acid-induced capillary permeability increase model, paw swelling model, cotton ball granulomatous hyperplasia model	[102]
	Supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.	Acetic acid-induced abdominal capillary permeability increase model, carrageenan-induced paw swelling model, pleuritis model, cotton ball granulomatous hyperplasia model	[65, 66]
	Water extract 50% and alcohol extract 95% of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq.	Dimethylbenzene-induced inflammation model, carrageenan-induced paw swelling model, cotton ball granulomatous hyperplasia model	[64]