Table 1.
Distribution of potential moderators by group assignment
| Variable | Physical exercise group (n = 147) | Wait-list control group (n = 62) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Age, mean (SD) years | 48.8 (10.9) | 51.3 (8.8) |
| Gender, n (%) | ||
| Male | 24 (16) | 6 (10) |
| Female | 123 (84) | 56 (90) |
| Education level, n (%)* | ||
| Low | 20 (14) | 16 (26) |
| Middle | 72 (49) | 32 (52) |
| High | 55 (37) | 14 (22) |
| Marital status, n (%)* | ||
| Single | 43 (29) | 7 (11) |
| Married | 104 (71) | 55 (89) |
| Employment status, n (%) | ||
| Not employed at diagnosis | 40 (28) | 16 (26) |
| Employed at diagnosis | 107 (73) | 46 (74) |
| Clinical | ||
| Type of cancer, n (%) | ||
| Breast | 82 (56) | 38 (61) |
| Hematological | 23 (16) | 10 (16) |
| Gynecological | 18 (12) | 7 (11) |
| Urologic | 9 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Lung | 4 (3) | 4 (7) |
| Colon | 3 (2) | 2 (3) |
| Other | 8 (5) | 1 (2) |
| Radiotherapy, n (%) | ||
| No | 63 (43) | 23 (37) |
| Yes | 84 (57) | 39 (63) |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | ||
| No | 47 (32) | 21 (34) |
| Yes | 100 (68) | 41 (66) |
| Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, n (%) | ||
| No | 87 (59) | 35 (56) |
| Yes | 60 (41) | 27 (44) |
| Time since treatment, mean (SD) years | 1.3 (1.7) | 1.9 (2.7) |
| Recurrence >3 months ago* | ||
| No | 133 (90) | 47 (76) |
| Yes | 14 (10) | 15 (24) |
| Presence of comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| No comorbidity | 79 (54) | 34 (55) |
| Comorbidity | 68 (46) | 27 (43) |
| Psychological | ||
| General fatigue (MFI), mean (SD) | 15.6 (3.4) | 15.0 (3.3) |
| General self-efficacy (ALCOS), mean (SD) | 44.0 (8.8) | 42.6 (8.5) |
| Depression (HADS), n (%) | ||
| No (<8) | 104 (71) | 35 (57) |
| Yes ≥8) | 43 (29) | 27 (43) |
| Anxiety (HADS), n (%) | ||
| No (<8) | 77 (52) | 34 (55) |
| Yes (≥8) | 70 (48) | 28 (45) |
| Global QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), mean (SD) | 57.1 (17.6) | 60.1 (18.4) |
ALCOS general self-efficacy scale, CT chemotherapy, EORTC QLQ-C30 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MFI multidimensional fatigue inventory, RT radiotherapy, QoL quality of life, SD standard deviation
*p < 0.05, significant differences between exercise and wait-list control groups using chi-squared tests