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. 2015 Jun 29;16(7):14655–14668. doi: 10.3390/ijms160714655

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Examination of cellular 8-oxoG and 53BP1. (A) Representative images of cells stained by Alexa 488-conjugated avidin and DAPI: Cells were treated with Echinacoside for 24 h; (B) Quantification of 8-oxoG content by measuring Alexa 488-fluorescent intensity (*** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control); (C) Measurement of cellular ROS by flow cytometry: Control and Echinacoside-treated cells were loaded with the ROS probe DCFH-DA, and DCF fluorescent intensity was measured by the FACSCaliber flow cytometer; (D) Quantification of ROS from three independent experiments; (E) Representative images of cells stained by anti-53BP1 antibody; Scale bar = 10 μm; (F) Quantification of 53BP1 positive cells: Cells with > 5 53BP1 foci were counted manually, numbers shown were average of three coverslips (*** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control).

Examination of cellular 8-oxoG and 53BP1. (A) Representative images of cells stained by Alexa 488-conjugated avidin and DAPI: Cells were treated with Echinacoside for 24 h; (B) Quantification of 8-oxoG content by measuring Alexa 488-fluorescent intensity (*** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control); (C) Measurement of cellular ROS by flow cytometry: Control and Echinacoside-treated cells were loaded with the ROS probe DCFH-DA, and DCF fluorescent intensity was measured by the FACSCaliber flow cytometer; (D) Quantification of ROS from three independent experiments; (E) Representative images of cells stained by anti-53BP1 antibody; Scale bar = 10 μm; (F) Quantification of 53BP1 positive cells: Cells with > 5 53BP1 foci were counted manually, numbers shown were average of three coverslips (*** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control).