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. 2015 Jul 2;16(7):14961–14978. doi: 10.3390/ijms160714961

Table 2.

Summary of chondrogenic differentiation by small molecules.

Cell Type Small Molecule Target Gene Function References
human MSCs H-89 PKA inhibitor Positive regulation of chondrogenesis [45]
ATDC5 harmine Inducer of CCN2 Positive regulation of chondrogenesis [83]
mouse MSCs BIO Activation of Wnt signal pathway Positive regulation of chondrogenesis [84]
human MSCs 5{i,2} Δ5-2-oxopiperazine core structure Positive regulation of chondrogenesis [85]
MSCs all-trans retinoic acid Smad/p38 Positive regulation of chondrogenesis [86]
mouse MSCs Pam3cys NF-κB Negative regulation of chondrogenesis [87]