Table 2.

Key transcriptional regulators.

Molecules	Major Function in OPCs	Role in MS/MS-Models	References
Olig1/2	lineage determination, differentiation	cuprizone, MS lesion: activation of OPCs, remyelination	Arnett et al., 2004 [17]; Balabanov et al., 2005 [101]; Cheng et al., 2015 [102]
Ascl1/Mash1	OPC specification, differentiation, myelination	LPC, MS lesions: oligodendrogenesis, promoted remyelination	Gokhan et al., 2005 [109]; Parras et al., 2007 [106]; Göttle et al., 2015 [55]; Sugimori et al., 2008 [107]; Nakatani et al., 2013 [108]
GPR17 Id2/4	inhibited differentiation	LPC, MS lesions: diminished remyelination	Lecca et al., 2008 [115]; Chen et al., 2009 [102]
SMAD	OPC specification, inhibited differentiation	cuprizone, MS lesion: diminished remyelination, astrogenesis/gliosis	Grinspan et al., 2000 [130]; Kondo et al., 2004 [129]; Setoguchi et al., 2004 [104]; Fuller et al., 2007 [134]; Ara et al., 2008 [135]; See et al., 2009 [127]; Sabo et al., 2011 [131]; Wang et al., 2011 [132]
Notch Hes1/5	inhibited differentiation	EAE, TMEV-IDD, MS lesion: activation and differentiation of T-helper cells, diminished remyelination	Jarriault et al., 1998 [141]; Wang et al., 1998 [132]; John et al., 2002 [144]; Hu et al., 2003 [143]; Liu et al., 2006 [148]; Elayman et al., 2009 [145]; Nakahara et al., 2009 [47]; Tsugane et al., 2012 [146]

Abbreviations: lysolecithin (LPC), oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs), Multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitits (EAE), Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD).