Table 1.
Characteristics, PBI scores, and chronic pain prevalence
| Variable | n = 760 | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Age (years) | 59.3 | ±11.5 |
| (range 39-92) | ||
| Women (%) | 62.4 | |
| Marital status (%) | ||
| Never married | 5.7 | |
| Married/Cohabiting | 80.9 | |
| Divorced/Separated | 3.8 | |
| Widowed | 9.6 | |
| Education level (%) | ||
| ≤9-years | 13.6 | |
| 10-12 years | 51.8 | |
| >12 years | 34.6 | |
| PHQ-9 score (%) | ||
| Minimal (<5) | 74.0 | |
| Mild (5–9) | 21.7 | |
| Moderate to severe (≥10) | 4.3 | |
| PBI score | ||
| Paternal care | 28.0 | (22-33) |
| Paternal overprotection | 8.0 | (4-13) |
| Maternal care | 31.0 | (26-35) |
| Maternal overprotection | 8.0 | (3-13) |
| Chronic pain (%) | 46.4 |
Values are means ± standard deviation, frequencies, or median (interquartile range)
PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PBI Parental Bonding Instrument