Table 2.

Logistic regression of the association between visit frequency and AV fistula creation or AV graft placement

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	P Value
One additional visit per month	1.21 (1.19 to 1.24)	<0.001
Demographic and socioeconomic
Male sex	1.26 (1.21 to 1.32)	<0.001
Age, 10 yr	0.81 (0.78 to 0.84)	<0.001
Race (white as referent)		0.03a
American Indian	0.89 (0.69 to 1.15)
Black	1.09 (1.02 to 1.15)
Other race including Asian	1.11 (0.95 to 1.28)
Ethnicity (non-Hispanic as referent)
Hispanic ethnicity	1.07 (0.97 to 1.17)	0.16
Medicaid coverage	0.94 (0.88 to 1.00)	0.05
Comorbidities
Diabetes	1.10 (1.05 to 1.16)	<0.001
Coronary disease	0.96 (0.91 to 1.01)	0.08
Cancer	0.89 (0.84 to 0.94)	<0.001
Heart failure	0.94 (0.88 to 0.99)	0.03
Pulmonary disease	1.00 (0.95 to 1.05)	0.95
Cerebrovascular disease	0.98 (0.93 to 1.03)	0.45
Peripheral vascular disease	0.98 (0.93 to 1.03)	0.44
Smoking history	1.03 (0.94 to 1.13)	0.51
Immobility	0.64 (0.59 to 0.69)	<0.001
Drug or alcohol use	0.77 (0.59 to 1.01)	0.06
Predialysis care
Outpatient nephrology visits in 90 d before dialysis (0 visits is referent)
1	1.28 (1.19 to 1.39)	<0.001
2–3	1.45 (1.36 to 1.54)	<0.001
≥4	1.52 (1.44 to 1.61)	<0.001
Days in hospital in 90 d before dialysis (0 d is referent)
1–4	0.88 (0.82 to 0.95)	<0.001
5–10	0.78 (0.72 to 0.84)	<0.001
>10	0.59 (0.54 to 0.64	<0.001
Geographic and facility (metropolitan as referent)
Metropolitan	0.91 (0.87 to 0.97)	<0.001
For-profit facility	1.08 (0.99 to 1.17)	0.07
Hospital-based facility	0.92 (0.84 to 1.02)	0.12
Facility size (25 patients)	0.98 (0.97 to 0.99)	<0.001

^aP value testing the joint significance of race variables (note, adjusted for calendar year).