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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2015 Feb 16;130:181–189. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.02.020

Table 3.

Multilevel logistic regression (odds-ratios) of survival (Logit form for the random part)

Whole Sample Urban Areas Rural Areas
Odds 95% CI Odds 95% CI Odds 95% CI
Fixed Part
CONS – – –
Age 0.939*** 0.935 0.942 0.938*** 0.932 0.944 0.938*** 0.933 0.943
Age2 1.001*** 1.000 1.001 1.001*** 1.000 1.001 1.001*** 1.000 1.001
Female (ref: Male) 1.471*** 1.388 1.557 1.584*** 1.446 1.730 1.418*** 1.310 1.536
Rural (ref: Urban) 1.084*** 1.027 1.147 – – – – – –
Schooling (ref: Non-schooling) 0.945* 0.890 1.002 0.944 0.864 1.029 0.946 0.871 1.024
Income (ref: First lowest quartile)
Second 1.040 0.973 1.110 1.123* 0.989 1.270 1.039 0.962 1.122
Third 1.053 0.979 1.132 1.030 0.903 1.174 1.137*** 1.038 1.251
Fourth 1.443*** 1.336 1.564 1.567*** 1.365 1.804 1.385*** 1.239 1.551
Living arrangements (ref: Alone)
Live with spouse 1.379*** 1.245 1.536 1.328*** 1.107 1.575 1.413*** 1.23 1.623
Live with family member 0.610*** 0.561 0.663 0.602*** 0.524 0.687 0.607*** 0.549 0.67
In a nursing house 0.476*** 0.396 0.571 0.489*** 0.377 0.624 0.486*** 0.365 0.645
Received financial support (ref: Family)
Pension 1.391*** 1.260 1.539 1.420*** 1.235 1.623 1.481*** 1.230 1.800
Local government 1.514*** 1.338 1.721 1.406*** 1.183 1.664 1.822*** 1.522 2.203
Work 2.895*** 2.349 3.633 2.790*** 1.939 4.154 3.022*** 2.316 4.051
Received medical expense (ref: Self)
Family 0.557*** 0.500 0.623 0.613*** 0.532 0.717 0.509*** 0.435 0.593
Public 0.573*** 0.502 0.657 0.685*** 0.575 0.823 0.403*** 0.321 0.508
Insurance 0.539*** 0.463 0.628 0.423*** 0.346 0.511 0.760** 0.593 0.957
Cannot pay 0.402*** 0.302 0.530 0.689 0.448 1.085 0.263*** 0.185 0.383
Perceived care support when sick (ref: Nobody)
Family 2.732*** 2.361 3.168 3.313*** 2.71 4.027 2.303*** 1.868 2.818
Social service 2.651*** 2.117 3.304 3.124*** 2.323 4.297 2.232*** 1.576 3.111
Live-in care giver 1.846*** 1.508 2.273 2.479*** 1.923 3.161 0.883 0.603 1.285
Self-rated health (ref: Very Poor)
Very Good 2.599*** 2.109 3.206 3.174*** 2.517 4.063 2.261*** 1.709 2.965
Good 2.392*** 1.962 2.907 2.907*** 2.385 3.586 2.092*** 1.614 2.670
Fair 1.885*** 1.545 2.284 2.226*** 1.808 2.768 1.694*** 1.302 2.160
Poor 1.502*** 1.230 1.829 1.745*** 1.416 2.179 1.353*** 1.030 1.744
No answer 1.294*** 1.049 1.587 1.505*** 1.194 1.902 1.162*** 0.882 1.492
Mean Household Income 1.010 0.987 1.040 0.992 0.971 1.021 0.935*** 0.903 0.978
Random Part (logit scale)
Level3
Between Province 0.025* 0.007 0.068 0.014 0.002 0.040 0.005 0.000 0.017
***

p<0.01

**

p<0.05

*

p<0.1