Mean (± S.E.M.) responses per session on the lever previously associated with the delivery of EtOH in P rats given saline (n = 4–5/time point) or 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg nicotine (n = 6–10/dose/time point) subcutaneously immediately or 4-hr prior to the first PSR session. Upper Panel: asterisk (*) indicates that rats administered saline responded significantly (p < 0.05) more on the EtOH lever during the first PSR session compared to extinction baseline levels, whereas rats administered 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg nicotine immediately prior to the first PSR session responded significantly less than extinction baseline. Pound (#) indicates that all doses of nicotine reduced EtOH responding during the first PSR session compared to the saline group (p<0.05). Lower Panel: asterisk (*) indicates that rats administered saline, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg nicotine 4-hr prior to the first session responded significantly (p < 0.05) more on the EtOH lever during the first PSR session compared to extinction baseline levels. Pound symbol (#) indicates that 1.0 mg/kg nicotine increased EtOH responding during the first PSR session compared to all other groups (p < 0.05).