Fig 2. Dated tree including 104 subjects plus the Ust'-Ishim [27] and Loschbour [28] specimens (arrowed).

These latter were used as calibration points, by means of normally distributed priors with means 45,000 and 7,205 years ago, respectively. The 95% C.I.'s for the age of each node are represented as grey bars. The clade corresponding to Hg E1b1b-M35 has been collapsed since it is discussed in detail in a dedicated paper [65]. Groups of branches discussed in the text and in Table 4 are shadowed: a) deep branches; b) terminal branches with rho < = 20; c) terminal branches with length < = 10 mutations. Note that the positioning of the root is the result of the Bayesian process and not of the assessment of ancestral/derived states in branch 0 based on an outgroup (e.g. the chimpanzee).