Fig 5. PKC agonists and JQ1 induce HIV-1 recovery in resting CD4⁺ T cells from cART-treated HIV⁺ aviremic patients.

Ex vivo cultures of resting CD4⁺ T cells purified from blood of 15 patients were mock-treated or treated with anti-CD3+anti-CD28 antibodies, JQ1(0.25μM), prostratin (0.5μM), bryostatin-1 (5nM) or ing-B (10nM) alone or in combination as indicated. Six days post-treatment, concentrations of viral RNA in culture supernatants were determined and the values were expressed as HIV-1 RNA copies/ml. Total HIV-1 DNA was expressed as HIV-1 DNA copies/10⁶ resting CD4⁺ T cells. Values representing higher viral production after a combinatory treatment than after the corresponding single drug treatments are shown in grey. Values representing reactivation of viral production observed exclusively after combined treatment are shown in black. ‘I’ indicates below the 150 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml limit of detection. ‘//’ indicates not tested conditions.