Fig. 10.

Growth. Total, natural, and expansion-induced growth are calculated from prestrain, total deformation, and elastic deformation. The columns show the decomposition of the total growth tensor F^g into natural growth F^gn and expansion-induced growth F^ge. The rows showcase the total area growth ϑ^g and the corresponding growth stretches ${\lambda }_1^{\mathrm{g}}$ and ${\lambda }_2^{\mathrm{g}}$ parallel and perpendicular to the midline. Natural growth is more homogeneous than expansion-induced growth, which is larger in regions where the overall deformation is larger.