Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total sample | Depressed mooda | Good well-beinga |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 98) | (n = 26) | (n = 70) | |
| Country (n) | |||
| Spain | 20 | 5 | 15 |
| Austria | 27 | 5 | 22 |
| Belgium | 16 | 7 | 9 |
| Poland | 10 | 4 | 6 |
| Italy | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ireland | 7 | 1 | 6 |
| The Netherlands | 17 | 5 | 12 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 31.6 ± 5.8 | 30.6 ± 6.8 | 32.0 ± 5.5 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD) | 34.1 ± 4.3 | 35.0 ± 5.7 | 33.8 ± 3.7 |
| Weeks of pregnancy (mean ± SD) | 15.4 ± 2.8 | 15.8 ± 2.7 | 15.4 ± 2.9 |
| Pregnant before (% yes) | 54.2 | 53.8 | 54.4 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus (%) | 13.5 | 19.2 | 11.4 |
| Smoking behaviour (% yes) | 10.3 | 19.2 | 7.2 |
| Any alcohol consumption (% yes) | 6.3 | 4.0 | 7.2 |
| Ethnicity (% white/Caucasian) | 75.5 | 61.5* | 81.4* |
| Household composition (% living with partner) | 85.3 | 76.0 | 88.2 |
| Education (% ≥ vocational education) | 81.6 | 84.6 | 80.0 |
| Occupational status (%) | |||
| Home duties | 5.2 | 3.8 | 5.8 |
| Unemployed/not able to work | 17.5 | 19.2 | 17.4 |
| Working (fulltime/part-time)/student | 77.3 | 76.9 | 76.8 |
| Perceptions and attitudeb (median (IQR)) | |||
| Attitude to current weight | 8.0 (6–9) | 8.0 (6–10) | 7.0 (6–9) |
| Attitude to physical activity | 9.0 (7–10) | 10.0 (8–10)* | 8.0 (7–10)* |
| Self-efficacy | 21.0 (17–24.) | 21.0 (15–24) | 21.0 (17–24) |
| Social support | 8.0 (6–10) | 7.0 (5–8)* | 8.5 (6–10)* |
| Outcome expectancy | 18.0 (15–20) | 18.0 (17–20) | 17.0 (14–20) |
| Cambridge Worry Scale (total 13 items) (median (IQR)) | 19.0 (11–28) | 28.0 (20–40)** | 15.0 (10–25)** |
| Cambridge Worry Scale dimensions (median (IQR)) | |||
| Social-medical | 5.0 (2–10) | 8.5 (4–12)* | 4.0 (2–9)* |
| Socio-economic | 4.0 (1–8) | 7.5 (2–10)* | 4.0 (1–6)* |
| Health | 9.0 (5–12) | 13.0 (9–15)** | 7.0 (4–10)* |
| Relationships | 0.0 (0–3) | 4.0 (0–5)** | 0.0 (0–1)** |
* P < 0.05; differences between depressed mood and good well-being
** P < 0.001; differences between depressed mood and good well-being
aData from WHO-5 were missing for 2 participants
bBased on the HAPA model