Table 2.
Follow-up studies to develop and validate the FINDRISC questionnaire for predicting risk of incident diabetes mellitus
| Study | Country | Age | Sample characteristics | N | Se | Sp | NPV | Hosmer- Lemeshow | AUC | Gold standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alssema (2008)47* | The Netherlands | 28–75 | From Hoorn, and PREVEND studies | 2439; 3345 | 84 (cut-off≥7) 52 (cut-off≥10) |
42 (cut-off≥7) 76 (cut-off≥10) |
94 (cut-off≥7 91 (cut-off≥10) |
– | 0.71 | OGTT, FPG |
| Alssema (2011)48† | The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, The UK, Australia, Mauritius | 46–60 | Data pooling from DETECT-2 project | 18 301 | 76 | 63 | – | p=0.27 | 0.77 | OGTT and self reported |
| Lindström and Tuomilehto 26 | Finland | 45–64 | Random sample from National Population Register in 1987 and 1992 | 4746; 4615 | 78 (cut-off≥9) | 77 (cut-off≥9) | 0.99 | – | 0.85 | OGTT, FPG, diabetes drugs |
| Bergmann et al33‡ | Germany | 41–79 | Participants with increased risk of T2DM | 526 | 73 (cut-off≥9) | 67 (cut-off≥9) | – | – | 0.77 | OGTT |
| Soriguer et al41 46 | Spain | 18–65 | 66.9% under 45 years old | 714 | – | – | 0.96 (cut-off≥9) | – | 0.75 | OGTT |
*Modified FINDRISC (age, BMI, waist circumference, use of antihypertensive drugs, parental history of diabetes, family history of diabetes in first degree relative).
†Modified FINDRISC (age, BMI, waist circumference, use of antihypertensive drugs, history of gestational diabetes, sex, smoking, family history of diabetes).
‡Modified FINDRISC (only 6 variables. diet and physical activity were excluded). Sensitivity and specificity calculated from population without intervention programme.
AUC, area under curve; BMI body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; NPV, negative predictive value; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; Se, sensitivity; Sp, specificity, T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.