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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2015 Jan;45(1):1–43. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2014.973934

Table 8.

BMD and BMDL values (in mg/kg-bw-day) at the 10th percentile of all affected genes in an IPA pathway for each proposed key event. A BMD/BMDL ratio greater than 10 indicates a poor model fit and is indicated as not applicable (N.A.). The number of genes modelled were 8 for lung, 5 for liver and 40 for forestomach. The BMDLs proposed as PODs are shaded and bolded.

Liver Lung Forestomach
3day+4hr 3day+24hr 28day+3day 28day+3day 28day+3day
Key Event Pathway Title BMD BMDL BMD BMDL BMD BMDL BMD BMDL BMD BMDL
1. BaP binding to AhR (Molecular Initiating Event).
2. Induction of P450. 3. BaP Metabolism to Reactive Metabolites. Aryl Hydrocarbon Signaling 13.9 10.7 32.9 20.8 24.1 16.8 17.2 7.7 14.6 8.2
Xenobiotic Metabolism Signaling 13.6 10.1 20.0 4.3 27.5 14.1 29.8 13.9 13.5 7.9
NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response 40.1 18.6 29.7 6.9 31.4 21.3 28.0 18.6 15.4 9.0
Glutathione-mediated Detoxification 70.3 49.6 82.1 54.4 < 5 genes < 5 genes 15.3 9.0
4. DNA Adducts and DNA Damage. p53 Signaling 63.4 45.5 22.0 12.5 29.6 13.6 13.5 7.7 11.4 7.4
Cell Cycle: G1/S Checkpoint Regulation 75.7 43.8 8.1 1.0 24.6 12.4 11.7 8.9 18.5 7.7
Cell Cycle: G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation 77.1 29.9 79.7 43.3 < 5 genes 14.8 3.7 22.1 13.1
Cell Cycle Control of Chromosomal Replication 104.1 65.0 70.7 39.7 42.2 17.2 Unperturbed 12.8 8.0
5. Mutations.
6. Altered Cell Signalling, Proliferation, and Apoptosis. Apoptosis Signaling 68.6 38.9 54.1 34.5 51.5 32.7 27.6 14.6 12.7 7.9
Induction of Apoptosis by HIV1 64.6 36.8 22.0 7.2 < 5 genes 26.5 12.1 15.3 9.0
LPS-stimulated MAPK Signaling 26.9 15.6 23.0 14.9 35.0 20.2 24.3 12.1 15.0 8.8
Myc Mediated Apoptosis Signaling 26.2 5.2 15.4 1.9 < 5 genes 30.6 7.0 15.0 8.9
p38 MAPK Signaling 53.4 35.3 26.5 19.3 25.3 11.9 23.3 N.A. 19.1 10.1
PPAR Signaling 69.2 37.4 6.5 N.A. 42.9 28.6 27.0 N.A. 18.5 10.1
Retinoic acid Mediated Apoptosis Signaling 73.8 50.3 58.2 36.3 < 5 genes < 5 genes 19.6 9.1
TGF-beta Signaling 73.5 45.9 13.3 1.5 25.3 11.9 9.2 N.A. 12.8 8.0
UVA-Induced MAPK Signaling 75.1 58.0 56.5 36.9 29.0 13.4 16.8 N.A. 15.9 8.0
VEGF Signaling 63.4 31.7 9.9 N.A. 26.5 11.6 21.2 7.4 15.1 8.6
Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling 15.8 N.A. 36.0 25.1 23.7 6.7 23.0 7.7 25.1 10.8
7. Tumorigenesis (Adverse Outcome). HER-2 Signaling in Breast Cancer 61.5 39.3 31.9 16.6 33.7 19.5 22.9 10.1 16.1 8.2
Prostate Cancer Signaling 88.7 47.4 16.4 2.2 37.0 22.7 22.9 N.A. 15.8 9.0
Bladder Cancer Signaling 78.4 47.8 6.7 2.3 44.9 29.6 17.2 9.5 21.6 8.6
Role of Tissue Factor in Cancer 5.6 N.A. 20.3 2.3 24.7 N.A. 20.1 11.1 15.1 7.9
Thyroid Cancer Signaling 60.8 46.5 45.7 28.4 < 5 genes 33.4 19.2 15.6 7.6
Endometrial Cancer Signaling 26.2 19.1 43.7 27.4 35.0 20.2 30.0 10.0 16.2 9.3
Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer Signaling 38.7 24.5 59.7 38.4 37.0 22.0 18.7 7.6 13.0 7.5
Hereditary Breast Cancer Signaling 75.4 53.2 11.1 2.2 28.7 13.3 26.6 17.3 14.7 8.8
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer 30.4 15.6 16.3 1.8 26.5 11.9 13.4 6.8 16.8 8.9
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Signaling 35.0 9.0 16.8 2.2 26.8 13.1 19.0 7.8 16.2 8.1
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Signaling 62.8 37.8 20.4 5.9 < 5 genes 40.5 25.1 15.9 7.8
Basal Cell Carcinoma Signaling 21.5 13.0 29.0 20.7 43.9 27.1 17.3 10.0 18.2 9.7
Small Cell Lung Cancer Signaling 38.9 24.2 59.2 36.6 < 5 genes 23.9 11.0 15.4 7.7
Lowest BMDL 10th percentile regardless of MOA 6.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 25.4 5.3 15.7 2.1 16.1 4.5
CXCR4 Signaling Notch Signaling Rac Signaling Cellular Effects of Sildenafil (Viagra) Phenylalanine Degradation IV (Mammalian,