Table 1.

Characteristics of glycopeptide resistance phenotypes in Enterococcus

Resistance	Acquired								Intrinsic
	High		Variable	Moderate	Low				Low
Phenotype	VanA	VanM	VanB	VanD	VanE	VanG	VanL	VanN	VanC
Vancomycin MIC (mg/L)	64–1,000	>256	4–1,000	64–128	8–32	≤16	8	16	2–32
Teicoplanin MIC (mg/L)	16–512	96	0.5–1	4–64	0.5	Sensitive	≤0.5	≤0.5	0.5–1
Modification	d-Ala-d-Lac	d-Ala-d-Lac	d-Ala-d-Lac	d-Ala-d-Lac	d-Ala-d-Ser	d-Ala-d-Ser	d-Ala-d-Ser	d-Ala-d-Ser	d-Ala-d-Ser
Location	Plasmid or chromosome	Plasmid or chromosome	Plasmid or chromosome	Plasmid or chromosome	Chromosome	Chromosome	Chromosome	Plasmid	Chromosome
Transferrable	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Expression	Inducible	Inducible	Inducible	Constitutive or inducible	Inducible	Inducible	Inducible	Constitutive	Constitutive or inducible
Main Species	E. faecalis, E. faecium	E. faecium	E. faecalis, E. faecium	E. faecalis, E. faecium	E. faecalis	E. faecalis	E. faecalis	E. faecium	E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus

Notes: Data from Boyd et al,²⁸ Lebreton et al,²⁹ McKessar et al,³⁰ and Xu et al.³¹ Adapted from Courvalin P. Vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive cocci. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(Suppl l):S25–S34, by permission of Oxford University Press.²⁷

Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; d-Ala-d-Lac, d-alanine-d-lactate; d-Ala-d-Ser, d-alanine-d-serine.