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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2013 Oct 23;7:115–125. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2013.2286296

Figure 7.

Figure 7

A: schematic diagram of the optical system. LED, light-emitting diode; DM1 and DM2, first and second dichroic mirrors, respectively; EmF1, emission filter; PDA1 and PDA2, first and second photodiode arrays, respectively. B: cross-sectional and side views of the of the optrode tissue end. C: Intramural membrane voltage (Vm) and intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+) measured during regular rhythm. A: raw traces of Vm (blue) and Cai2+ (red) from five optrodes. The inset in the bottom right corner schematically shows the optrode insertion sites. PM, papillary muscle; Epi, epicardium. Modified with permission from Kong et al. [121].