Table 2. Comorbidity patterns of DSM-IV major depressive episode with other DSM-IV mental disorders and suicidal behaviors in the Iraqi general population.
| 12-month disorders | 12-month MDE (1) | # with comorbid disorder | % (SE) | OR (95%CI) | significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dysthymia | 187 | 16 | 7.5 (3.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | Chi2 = 84.2, p < .001 |
| Any mood disorder | 187 | 20 | 11.2 (2.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | Chi2 = 88.1, p < .001 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 187 | 58 | 31.1 (5.1) | 24.8 (14.2–43.5) | Chi2 = 131.7, p < .001 |
| Specific phobia | 187 | 30 | 17.4 (5.0) | 6.7 (3.2–14.0) | Chi2 = 26.7, p < .001 |
| Social phobia | 187 | 6 | 5.1 (2.5) | 12.7 (3.9–41.7) | Chi2 = 18.4, p < .001 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 187 | 23 | 7.3 (1.8) | 8.3 (4.4–15.8) | Chi2 = 44.1, p < .001 |
| Panic disorder | 187 | 14 | 11.0 (4.1) | 20.5 (8.8–48.0) | Chi2 = 50.7, p < .001 |
| Any anxiety disorder | 187 | 99 | 50.7 (6.1) | 16.1 (9.4–27.5) | Chi2 = 107.0, p < .001 |
| Any substance disorder | 187 | 2 | 2.5 (2.4) | 15.3 (1.8–128.3) | Chi2 = 6.6, p = .010 |
| Intermittent explosive disorder | 187 | 9 | 4.7 (2.4) | 3.4 (1.0–11.1) | Chi2 = 4.1, p = .043 |
| Any impulse disorder | 187 | 10 | 5.1 (2.4) | 3.6 (1.2–11.3) | Chi2 = 5.2, p = .022 |
| Any disorder | 187 | 111 | 58.5 (5.8) | 18.4 (11.1–30.5) | Chi2 = 134.5, p < .001 |
| Exactly 1 disorder | 187 | 68 | 34.9 (6.8) | 12.9 (6.8–24.7) | Chi2 = 62.8, p < .001 |
| Exactly 2 disorders | 187 | 32 | 14.6 (3.9) | 14.5 (5.4–39.1) | Chi2 = 102.9, p < .001 |
| 3+ disorders | 187 | 11 | 9.0 (3.9) | 16.7 (4.8–58.1) | Chi2 = 48.0, p < .001 |
| 12-month suicidal behaviors | |||||
| Suicidal ideation | 187 | 24 | 7.6 (2.8) | 11.9 (4.9–29.0) | Chi2 = 31.0, p < .001 |
| Suicidal plans | 187 | 10 | 2.2 (0.9) | 14.5 (5.4–39.1) | Chi2 = 29.2, p < .001 |
| Suicidal attempt | 187 | 8 | 2.6 (1.2) | 16.7 (4.8–58.1) | Chi2 = 20.4, p < .001 |
(1) Specific disorders with n<5 are omitted in Table 2. Any mood disorder also includes bipolar disorder (n = 5), any anxiety disorder also includes agoraphobia without panic (n = 4), any substance disorder also includes alcohol abuse disorder (n = 1) and drug abuse disorder (n = 1), any impulse disorder also includes attention deficit disorder (n = 2).