Table 4.
Factors that determine antimicrobial self-medication
| Region | Number of studies | Studies with Multivariable regression analysis | Number of respondents | Determinants of antimicrobial Self-medication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 3/15 | Sapkota, 2010 | 706 | Lower lever of education (OR: 2.8, 95 % CI: 1.1-7.1, P = 0.03) |
| Non-science qualification (OR: 1.58, 95 % CI: 1.03-2.2.5, P = 0.04) | ||||
| Severity of illness (mild to moderate) (OR: 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.01-2.67, P = 0.05) | ||||
| Osemene, 2012 | 2000 | Age (≥ 45 years) (OR: 3.4, P = 0.001) | ||
| Female gender (OR: 3.8, P = 0.001) | ||||
| Awad, 2005 | 1750 | Female gender (OR: 1.8, 95 % CI: 1.4-2.4 | ||
| aAsia | 0/8 | None | None | None |
| Middle East | 1/8 | Al-Azzam, 2007 | 8864 | Age (18-39 years) (OR: 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.3-1.95, P < 0.05) |
| Education (primary) (OR: 2.1, 95 % CI: 1.09-2.08, P < 0.013) | ||||
| Income status (middle) (OR: 1.48, 95 % CI: 1.18-1.85, P = 0.001) | ||||
| aS. America | 0/3 | None | None | None |
aNo single study done in South America or Asia performed multivariable regression analysis to establish determinants of antimicrobial self-medication