. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 15.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2015 May 21;116(4):563–566. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.009

Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% CI) for atrial fibrillation according to chocolate consumption in Physicians’ Health Study

Chocolate Consumption	Cases/n	Crude Incidence Rate (per 1000 person-years)	Hazards Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Chocolate Consumption	Cases/n	Crude Incidence Rate (per 1000 person-years)	Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
<1/month	522/4930	11.92	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
1-3/month	613/5513	12.22	1.02 (0.91-1.15)	1.06 (0.95-1.20)	1.04 (0.92-1.17)	1.04 (0.93-1.18)
1/week	417/3655	12.54	1.05 (0.92-1.20)	1.09 (0.96-1.24)	1.07 (0.94-1.22)	1.10 (0.96-1.25)
2-4/week	352/2993	12.85	1.08 (0.94-1.23)	1.12 (0.98-1.28)	1.10 (0.96-1.26)	1.14 (0.99-1.31)
≥5/week	188/1728	12.23	1.02 (0.87-1.21)	1.03 (0.88-1.22)	1.03 (0.87-1.22)	1.05 (0.89-1.25)
p for linear trend			0.45	0.33	0.38	0.25

Model 1: Age adjusted.

Model 2: Age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, exercise, and calories.

Model 3: Age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, exercise, and calories, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease.