Table 2.
Predictors of diabesity in girls and boys
| Genetic | Environmental |
|---|---|
| Gene polymorphisms/mutations | Socioeconomic |
| Ethnicity | Low income |
| Hispanic | Food uncertainty |
| Black | High-fat, low-protein diet |
| Pacific islander | Low education |
| Native American | “Traditional beliefs” |
| Female family history | Sedentism |
| Obesity | Television |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | Computers |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Labor-saving devices |
| Automobile | |
| Elevator | |
| Gestational | |
| Maternal disease | Fetal factors |
| Obesity | Macrosomia |
| Diabetes | Undernutrition |
| Gestational | Hyperinsulinemia |
| Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia | Stress |
| Toxemia | Maternal |
| Substance abuse | diet |
| Dysbiosis | medication |
| Gestational stress | bacteria (dysbiosis) |
| Cesarean section | |
| Antibiotics | |
| Postnatal factors | |
| High birth weight | Lack of exercise |
| Low birth weight/catch-up growth | Television watching |
| Rapid neonatal weight gain (>100 g/month for 4 months) | Web surfing |
| “Eating style” | Lack of sleep |
| Maternal stress | Evening chronotype |
| Formula feeding | Excess consumption of added sugars (e.g., soft drinks (SSB)) |
| Distracted mothering | Restaurant eating |
| Chaotic environment | Stress |