Table 1. Demographic and reproductive characteristics of CHARGE Study participants and participants included in the validation study subsets.
| CHARGE Study | Diabetesa Substudy | Hypertensive Disordersb Substudy | Preeclampsiac Substudy | BMI Substudy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| All | 983 | -- | 644 | 65.5 | 615 | 61.3 | 762 | 77.5 | 415 | 42.2 |
| Age at delivery | ||||||||||
| <25 | 161 | 16.4 | 95 | 14.8 | 89 | 14.5 | 122 | 16.0 | 63 | 15.2 |
| 25-29 | 247 | 25.1 | 160 | 24.8 | 153 | 24.9 | 190 | 24.9 | 103 | 24.8 |
| 30-34 | 325 | 33.1 | 223 | 34.6 | 210 | 34.2 | 252 | 33.1 | 144 | 34.7 |
| ≥35 | 250 | 25.4 | 166 | 25.8 | 163 | 26.5 | 198 | 26.0 | 105 | 25.3 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 570 | 58.0 | 409 | 63.5 | 395 | 64.2 | 465 | 61.0 | 267 | 64.3 |
| Other | 413 | 42.0 | 235 | 36.5 | 220 | 35.8 | 297 | 39.0 | 148 | 35.7 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| No Bachelor | 537 | 54.6 | 343 | 53.3 | 330 | 53.7 | 412 | 54.1 | 203 | 48.9 |
| Bachelor or higher | 446 | 45.4 | 301 | 46.7 | 285 | 46.3 | 350 | 45.9 | 212 | 51.1 |
| Language preference | ||||||||||
| English | 922 | 93.8 | 619 | 96.1 | 593 | 96.4 | 726 | 95.3 | 403 | 97.1 |
| Spanish or other | 61 | 6.2 | 25 | 3.9 | 22 | 3.6 | 36 | 4.7 | 12 | 2.9 |
| Delivery payer | ||||||||||
| Government program | 170 | 17.3 | 90 | 14.0 | 88 | 14.3 | 122 | 16.0 | 54 | 13.0 |
| Private insurance | 813 | 82.7 | 554 | 86.0 | 527 | 85.7 | 640 | 84.0 | 361 | 87.0 |
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Primipara | 434 | 44.1 | 297 | 46.1 | 278 | 45.2 | 338 | 44.4 | 204 | 49.2 |
| Multipara | 549 | 55.9 | 347 | 53.9 | 337 | 54.8 | 424 | 55.6 | 211 | 50.8 |
| Planned pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Yes | 627 | 65.2 | 431 | 67.1 | 407 | 66.4 | 501 | 65.9 | 291 | 70.1 |
| No | 334 | 34.8 | 211 | 32.9 | 206 | 33.6 | 259 | 34.1 | 124 | 29.9 |
| Prenatal care started | ||||||||||
| 1st trimester | 920 | 93.6 | 618 | 96.0 | 592 | 96.3 | 726 | 95.3 | 401 | 96.6 |
| 2nd trimester | 63 | 6.4 | 26 | 4.0 | 23 | 3.7 | 36 | 4.7 | 14 | 3.4 |
| Years elapsed | ||||||||||
| <3.5 | 152 | 15.5 | 113 | 17.6 | 113 | 18.4 | 130 | 17.1 | 65 | 15.7 |
| 3.5-4.4 | 342 | 34.8 | 234 | 36.3 | 231 | 37.6 | 273 | 35.8 | 155 | 37.4 |
| 4.5-5.4 | 384 | 39.0 | 234 | 36.3 | 266 | 35.1 | 283 | 37.1 | 154 | 37.1 |
| ≥5.5 | 105 | 10.7 | 63 | 9.8 | 55 | 8.9 | 76 | 10.0 | 41 | 9.9 |
a
Diabetes, type 2 or gestational; three mothers had type 2 diabetes (1 ASD case mother, 1 DD case mother, and 1 TD control mother); the remaining 57 had gestational diabetes.
b
Hypertensive disorders, chronic or pregnancy-induced and preeclampsia; seventeen mothers had chronic hypertension (12 ASD case mothers, 2 DD case mothers, and 3 TD control mothers); the remaining 54 had pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia.
c
Preeclampsia, including pregnancy-induced hypertension.