Table 2.
The relative risk of hypertension by fertility status: Nurses’ Health Study II
| Hypertension Cases; person- years |
Model 1 | Model 2 Relative Risk (95% CI) |
Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never-infertile women | 14,761;757,404 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Infertile women | 5,305; 253,964 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) |
| Infertility Diagnoses* | ||||
| Never-infertile women | 14,761;757,404 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Ovulatory disorder infertility | 1,659; 74,254 | 1.18 (1.12, 1.24) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) |
| Tubal infertility | 627; 27,194 | 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) |
| Cervical mucus factor | 292; 15,727 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) |
| Male factor infertility | 1,017; 49,808 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) |
| Other reason | 1,487; 73,683 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) |
| Reason for infertility not found | 1,262; 63,926 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
| Among Women with Infertility Evaluation* | ||||
| Male factor infertility | 1,017; 49,808 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Ovulatory disorder infertility | 1,659; 74,254 | 1.21 (1.10, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.30) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.28) |
| Tubal infertility | 627; 27,194 | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) | 1.07 (0.87,1.31) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) |
| Cervical mucus factor | 292; 15,727 | 0.92 (0.80, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.21) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22) |
| Other reason | 1,487; 73,683 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.05) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.07) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.07) |
| Reason for infertility not found | 1,262; 63,926 | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) |
Model 1: Age and calendar time adjusted
Model 2: Model 1 + BMI (kg/m2) (<18.5, 18–22.5 (ref), 22.5–25, 25–30, >30), Race (White(ref), non-white), smoking (current, former, never(ref)), income (<$75,000, $ 75–99,999, $100,000–149,999, >$150,000), parity (nulliparous (ref), 1, 2, 3, 4+ pregnancies), Alternative healthy eating index (quintiles), BMI at 18 (<18.5, 18–22.5 (ref), 22.5–25, 25–30, >30), family history of hypertension (yes/no), state mandated insurance coverage for fertility treatment (Yes/No), alcohol intake (drinks no alcohol per day (ref), drinks >0–5 gm alcohol per day, drinks 5.01–10 gm alcohol per day, drinks > 10 gm alcohol per day), Physical Activity (METs/week) (<3 (Ref), 3–<9, 9–<18, 18–<27, 27–<42, ≥42), Oral contraceptive use (Never (Ref), Past, Current), analgesic use (2+times/week)(yes/no), total breast feeding (Never, <1 month, 1–3 months, 3–6 months, 6–12 months, 12–24 months, 24–36 months, > 36 months), Ovulatory Infertility (yes/no), Tubal infertility (yes/no), Cervical/mucosal factor (yes/no), Male factor (yes/no), other reason (yes/no), not found (yes/no), not investigated (yes/no), treatment group (No treatment(ref), Clomiphene alone, Gonadotropin alone, IUI,IVF),
Model 3: Model 2 + menstrual cycle length (<31 days (ref), 32–39 days, greater than 40 days), physician diagnosed hirsutism (yes/no)
Categories are not mutually exclusive