Table 1.
Characteristics of egos and alters and perceived network stigma.
| Network egos | PLWHAs (n=147) | Caregivers (n=148) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 103 | (70.1) | 58 | (39.2) |
| Female | 44 | (29.9) | 90 | (60.8) |
| Age, Mean (SD) | 41.2 | (11.6) | 38.0 | (11.2) |
| Education | ||||
| Elementary School or less | 38 | (25.9) | 34 | (23.0) |
| Middle School | 75 | (51.0) | 61 | (41.2) |
| High School or more | 34 | (23.1) | 53 | (35.8) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 103 | (70.1) | 118 | (79.7) |
| Unmarried | 44 | (29.9) | 30 | (20.3) |
| Network size, Mean (SD) | 6.4 | (2.4) | 6.7 | (2.4) |
| HIV Knowledge, Mean (SD) | 9.7 | (2.7) | 9.5 | (2.7) |
| Perceived network stigma by ego | ||||
| No stigma | 61 | (41.5) | 69 | (46.6) |
| 1 type of stigma | 9 | (6.2) | 14 | (9.5) |
| 2 types of stigma | 13 | (8.8) | 8 | (5.4) |
| 3 types of stigma | 64 | (43.5) | 57 | (38.5) |
| Proportion of alters who would stigmatise egos in ego's network | ||||
| 0–10% stigmatising alters | 62 | (42.2) | 69 | (46.6) |
| 11–30% stigmatising alters | 29 | (19.7) | 19 | (12.8) |
| 30–50% stigmatising alters | 32 | (21.8) | 24 | (16.2) |
| 50–70% stigmatising alters | 10 | (6.8) | 17 | (11.6) |
| 70–100% stigmatising alters | 14 | (9.5) | 19 | (12.8) |
| Network alters | PLWHAs (N=940) | Caregivers (N=990) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | |
|
| ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 520 | (55.3) | 501 | (50.6) |
| Female | 420 | (44.7) | 489 | (49.4) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <25 | 87 | (9.2) | 127 | (12.8) |
| 26–35 | 293 | (31.2) | 259 | (26.2) |
| 36–45 | 231 | (24.6) | 273 | (27.6) |
| >45 | 329 | (35.0) | 331 | (33.4) |
| Education | ||||
| Elementary School or less | 166 | (17.7) | 216 | (21.8) |
| Middle School | 471 | (50.1) | 423 | (42.7) |
| High School or more | 303 | (32.2) | 351 | (35.5) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 772 | (82.1) | 801 | (80.9) |
| Unmarried | 168 | (17.9) | 189 | (19.1) |
| Relationship with egos | ||||
| Spouse | 92 | (9.8) | 104 | (10.5) |
| Other Family | 569 | (60.5) | 576 | (58.2) |
| Friends | 200 | (21.3) | 211 | (21.3) |
| Others* | 79 | (8.4) | 99 | (10.0) |
| Network density, Mean (SD) | 0.3 | (0.1) | 0.3 | (0.2) |
| Length of relationship with egos | ||||
| 3 years or less | 61 | (6.5) | 79 | (8.0) |
| More than 3 years | 879 | (93.5) | 911 | (92.0) |
| Contact frequency with egos | ||||
| Daily | 331 | (35.2) | 315 | (31.8) |
| Few times/week | 221 | (23.5) | 278 | (28.1) |
| Few times/month | 243 | (25.9) | 198 | (20.0) |
| Less than monthly | 145 | (15.4) | 199 | (20.1) |
| Type of stigma perceived by egos | ||||
| Alter would estrange ego | 235 | (25.0) | 217 | (21.9) |
| Alter would stop helping ego | 181 | (19.3) | 216 | (21.8) |
| Alter would look down on ego | 179 | (19.0) | 233 | (23.5) |
| Number of alters who would stigmatise egos | ||||
| No stigma | 692 | (73.6) | 708 | (71.5) |
| 1 type of stigma | 54 | (5.7) | 70 | (7.1) |
| 2 types of stigma | 41 | (4.4) | 40 | (4.0) |
| 3 types of stigma | 153 | (16.3) | 172 | (17.4) |
*
including colleagues, neighbours, doctors, etc.