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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glob Public Health. 2015 Feb 2;10(9):1032–1045. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2014.1003572

Table 2.

Network stigma on ego-alter relationship.

Relations to egos PLWHAs' alters (N=940)
n, %
Caregivers' alters (N=990)
n, %


No stigma 1 type* 2 types 3 types No stigma 1 type 2 types 3 types
Spouse 86 (93.5) 3 (3.3) 3 (3.3) 0 96 (92.3) 3 (2.9) 1 (1.0) 4 (3.9)
Other family 467 (82.1) 37 (6.5) 15 (2.6) 50 (8.8) 464 (80.6) 33 (5.7) 13 (2.3) 66 (11.5)
Friends 111 (55.5) 6 (3.0) 15 (7.5) 68 (34.0) 99 (46.9) 24 (11.4) 12 (5.7) 76 (36.0)
Others** 28 (35.4) 8 (10.1) 8 (10.1) 35 (44.3) 49 (49.5) 10 (10.1) 14 (14.1) 26 (26.3)
*

1 type: Alter indicated any one of the three types of stigma;

2 types: Alter indicated any two of the three types of stigma;

3 types: Alters were stigmatising on all three types of stigma;

**

including colleagues, neighbours, doctors, etc.