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. 2015 Jul 1;15(7):538–558. doi: 10.1089/ast.2014.1213

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© The Author(s) 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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FIG. 1. — The molecular structures of RNA and DNA and their components. (A) The sugars ribose and deoxyribose and their atom-numbering conventions. Note the stereochemistry of the bonds between the ring and its substituents. (B) The nitrogen heterocycles used in RNA [adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)] and DNA [A, G, C, and thymine (T)] and their ring-atom-numbering conventions. (C and D) The structures of phosphate-linked RNA and DNA. (E) A simplified generic nucleoside analog structure.