Table 3.

Adjusted odd ratios (95% Confidence interval) of the multilevel logistic models for odds of obesity (BMI ≥ 30).

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Individual-level variables
Age (18+)	1.133^***	1.133^***	1.133^***
Age²	0.999^***	0.999^***	0.999^***
Female	0.845^***	0.846^***	0.845^***
White	1.063	1.063	1.059
Married	0.886^**	0.885^**	0.887^**
College	0.834^***	0.835^***	0.827^***
Self-employed	0.748^***	0.749^***	0.752^***
Out of work for more than 1 year	1.142	1.144	1.129
Out of work for less than 1 year	1.119	1.123	1.113
Homemaker	0.829^***	0.828^***	0.826^**
Student	0.879	0.876	0.838
Retired	1.054	1.055	1.050
Smoker	0.930^*	0.931^*	0.933^*
Zip code-level variables
Poverty	3.149^**	3.686^**	3.471^**
Street connectivity	1.002	1.002
Walk Score	0.999	1.000
Distance to park	1.007	1.011
Fast food accessibility	1.000	1.000
Metro	1.037	1.025
County-level variables
Poverty		0.996
Street connectivity		1.000
Walk Score		1.004
Distance to park		0.991
Ratio of fast-food to full-service		1.172^***	1.160^***
Metro		0.875
AIC	23,599.08	23,595.30	23,581.16

Sample size: 21,961 individuals living in 299 zip codes, 29 counties.

^***

p ≤ 0.001,

^**

p ≤ 0.01,

p ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed tests).