Table 4.

Adjusted odd ratios (95% Confidence interval) of the multilevel logistic models for odds of overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25).

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Individual-level variables
Age (18+)	1.135^***	1.136^***	1.136^***
Age²	0.999^***	0.999^***	0.999^***
Female	0.475^***	0.475^***	0.475^***
White	1.058	1.058	1.054
Married	1.039	1.039	1.040
College	0.823^***	0.824^***	0.820^***
Self-employed	0.820^***	0.821^***	0.821^***
Out of work for more than 1 year	0.964	0.964	0.962
Out of work for less than 1 year	0.967	0.970	0.969
Homemaker	0.734^***	0.734^***	0.734^***
Student	0.861^*	0.859	0.858
Retired	0.941	0.941	0.942
Smoker	0.945^*	0.945^*	1.768^*
Zip code-level variables
Poverty	2.104^**	2.376^*	1.768
Street connectivity	1.000	1.000
Walk Score	1.000	1.000
Distance to park	1.009	1.014^*	1.012^***
Fast food accessibility	0.999^*	0.999
Metro	1.003	0.975
County-level variables
Poverty		0.997
Street connectivity		1.000
Walk Score		1.005
Distance to park		0.991
Ratio of fast-food to full-service		1.128^***	1.120^***
Metro		0.926
AIC	27,604.79	27,599.70	27,585.17

Sample size: 21,961 individuals living in 299 zip codes, 29 counties.

^***

p ≤ 0.001,

^**

p ≤ 0.01,

p ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed tests).