Descriptive characteristics of the TD, FR, LI and FRLI groups including their performance on the diagnostic language tests (T1) and early literacy measures (T2).
| TD |
FR |
LI |
FRLI |
F | p | Group differences | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | ||||
| T1 Age (months) | 69 | 44.59 | 3.12 | 83 | 45.17 | 3.47 | 32 | 43.56 | 2.09 | 29 | 45.07 | 3.24 | 2.15 | ns | n/a |
| T2 Age (months) | 69 | 55.46 | 3.21 | 83 | 56.64 | 3.85 | 32 | 55.19 | 2.58 | 29 | 56.76 | 3.52 | 2.56 | ns | n/a |
| Gender (% males) | 69 | 49 | 83 | 58 | 32 | 69 | 29 | 72 | χ2 6.74 | ns | |||||
| SES (% rank - postcode) | 69 | 71.97 | 27.46 | 83 | 62.19 | 26.67 | 32 | 52.62 | 30.18 | 29 | 50.84 | 30.50 | 5.57 | 0.00 | TD > LI & FRLI |
| NVIQ | 69 | 115.61 | 13.93 | 82 | 107.90 | 14.84 | 29 | 96.07 | 13.10 | 29 | 101.03 | 10.15 | 16.82 | 0.00 | TD > FR > (LI = FRLI) |
| Diagnostic language tasks | |||||||||||||||
| CELF Basic Concepts (SS) | 69 | 12.09 | 2.08 | 83 | 10.96 | 2.38 | 29 | 6.90 | 2.16 | 29 | 6.59 | 2.29 | 65.55 | 0.00 | TD > FR > (LI = FRLI) |
| CELF Expressive Vocab (SS) | 69 | 12.03 | 2.18 | 83 | 11.05 | 2.00 | 28 | 7.32 | 3.31 | 28 | 7.11 | 2.74 | 46.55 | 0.00 | TD > FR > (LI = FRLI) |
| CELF Sentence Structure (SS) | 69 | 11.14 | 2.49 | 83 | 10.42 | 1.94 | 30 | 6.27 | 2.03 | 27 | 6.78 | 2.62 | 51.16 | 0.00 | (TD = FR) > (LI = FRLI) |
| TEGI Screen(% failed) | 63 | 14 | 81 | 33 | 18 | 79 | 21 | 77 | χ2 44.18 | 0.00 | |||||
| T1 Language factor score | 69 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 83 | 0.23 | 0.60 | 32 | −1.08 | 0.65 | 29 | −0.85 | 0.54 | 120.50 | 0.00 | TD > FR > (LI =FRLI) |
| Early literacy tasks | |||||||||||||||
| YARC Letter Sound Knowledge /32 | 69 | 19.55 | 9.44 | 83 | 16.82 | 9.71 | 30 | 11.77 | 9.97 | 29 | 11.83 | 10.41 | 6.82 | 0.00 | TD > (LI = FRLI) |
| YARC Early Word Reading /30 | 69 | 5.09 | 7.12 | 83 | 3.00 | 4.88 | 30 | .77 | 1.61 | 29 | 1.72 | 5.66 | 5.31 | 0.00 | (TD = FR) > LI |
| Letter Writing /10 | 69 | 4.59 | 3.03 | 83 | 3.96 | 3.06 | 30 | 1.97 | 2.46 | 29 | 2.31 | 2.82 | 7.98 | 0.00 | (TD = FR) > (LI = FRLI) |
| T2 Literacy factor score | 69 | 0.36 | 0.87 | 83 | 0.08 | 0.93 | 32 | −0.57 | 0.82 | 29 | −0.44 | 0.91 | 10.54 | 0.00 | (TD = FR) > LI; TD > FRLI |
Note: SES % rank is based on postcode; all lower super output areas (32482) in UK are ranked according to deprivation value. This % value reflects relative rank (ranked value / 32482 = relative rank); lower = more deprived (Source: Department of Communities and Local Government, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007). Nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) is the average standard score of the Block Design and Object Assembly subtests from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Third Edition (WPPSI-III; Wechsler, 2003). SS = Scaled scores (mean 10; SD 3). The T1 Language and T2 Literacy factor scores were derived from the CFA shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the main paper.