Figure 9.
Upstream negative regulators of the Hippo pathway. Soluble growth factors including EGF and LPA inactivate the growth-inhibitory Hippo pathway through the stimulation of PI3K–PDK1 signaling. EGFR, but not LPA, signaling depends on Src kinase. Integrin receptors bind to fibronectin (FN), and mechanical stimulus triggers FAK-Src signaling and leads to the activation of YAP in a PI3K–PDK1-dependent manner.