Figure 1. Genetic and epigenetic factors lead to alteration in brain developmental processes at the cellular and microscopic levels.

This affects the global and regional brain structure and function and consequently, the neural circuitry. These alterations result in core and associated behavioral and clinical features of autism spectrum disorder. The blue and red trapezoids represent potential endophenotypes; the red trapezoid can be captured by neuroimaging. Environmental influences may be relevant at all levels.