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. 2015 Aug 4;6:159. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00159

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Copyright © 2015 Kono, Shimada, Yamamoto, Kaneko, Oomiya, Kubota, Kase, Lee and Uezono.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multi-target actions of intraluminal TRPA1 agonists. Gut TRPA1 elicits physiological and pathophysiological responses by three distinct mechanisms. TRPA1 activators, in this case shogaols, gingerols and hydroxysanhools, have three potential target cells: intestinal epithelial (IE) cells, enterochromaffin (EC) cells, and TRPA1-positive sensory neurons. As a result of TRPA1 stimulation, TRPA1 agonists stimulate IE cells to release ADM, EC cells to release 5-HT, and sensory neurons to release CGRP/substance P, respectively, resulting in physiological and biodefensive responses in vasodilatation, motility, secretion, and pain signaling. Quoted from Kono et al. (2013).