Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the battery-controlled composite SERS-based fluidic system and characterizations.

(a) a battery-controlled SERS fluidic system. (b) SEM image of the constantan wire after electrodeposition of the ZnO-NTs. (c) and (d) SEM images of the ZnO-NTs covered constantan wire after removing part of ZnO-NTs and the close-up view. This figure was drawn by one of the coauthors (Qitao Zhou).