Effect of p32 on localization of UL34 and UL31 in HSV-1-infected cells. (A) sh-p32-HEp-2 and sh-Luc-HEp-2 cells were infected with wild-type HSV-1(F) at an MOI of 5, fixed at 24 h postinfection, permeabilized, stained with anti-UL34 and anti-UL31 antibodies, and examined by confocal microscopy. (B and C) Quantification of infected cells showing aberrant punctate structures at the nuclear rim. Infected sh-p32-HEp-2 and sh-Luc-HEp-2 cells (B) and infected sh-p32-HEp-2/Ct and sh-p32-HEp-2/p32(+) cells (C) were examined by confocal microscopy as described for panel A, and the percentage of cells with aberrant punctate structures at the nuclear rim was determined for 100-cell samples. Each value is the mean ± standard error of the results of triplicate experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05). Data are representative of results from three independent experiments.