Pathways for synthesis of spermidine in prokaryotes. Abbreviations: ADC, arginine decarboxylase; AIH, agmatine iminohydrolase; AUH, agmatine ureohydrolase; CASDC, carboxyspermidine decarboxylase; CASDH, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase; NCPAH, N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase; SAMDC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; SPDS, spermidine synthase.