Table 2.
Prevalence of any morbidity, multimorbidity, and four health outcome measures by background characteristics, WHO-SAGE Wave 1 (2007/10)
| Background variables | Any morbidity, % (95 % CI) | Multimorbidity, % (95 % CI) | 1+ ADL, % (95 % CI) | Depression, % (95 % CI) | Poor self-rated health, % (95 % CI) | Mean WHOQoL score (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–49 | 43.8 (41.9–45.7) | 12.3 (11.3–13.5) | 9.1 (8.2–10.0) | 4.9 (4.2–5.7) | 7.4 (6.5–8.5) | 55.4 (54.9–55.9) |
| 50–59 | 73.5 (71.7–75.2) | 34.8 (33.1–36.4) | 16.8 (15.5–18.3) | 6.4 (5.1–7.9) | 16.2 (15.0–17.5) | 53.3 (52.8–53.8) |
| 60–69 | 83.5 (82.1–84.8) | 50.1 (48.5–51.7) | 27.7 (25.9–29.6) | 8.2 (7.2–9.3) | 22.3 (20.6–24.1) | 51.5 (50.8–52.3) |
| 70+ | 87.7 (85.8–89.4) | 60.7 (58.4–62.9) | 44 (41.7–46.4) | 9.6 (8.4–10.9) | 33.6 (31.6–35.6) | 49.2 (48.4–50.0) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 53.3 (51.1–55.5) | 19.0 (17.7–20.3) | 10.1 (9.1–11.2) | 4.7 (4.0–5.6) | 10.1 (9.1–11.3) | 55.1 (54.6–55.7) |
| Female | 55.2 (53.3–57.0) | 24.8 (23.5–26.2) | 18 (16.8–19.2) | 6.7 (5.9–7.5) | 13.1 (12.2–14.1) | 53.7 (53.1–54.2) |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 51.3 (48.7–54.0) | 20.5 (18.8–22.4) | 10.0 (8.7–11.4) | 5.0 (3.9–6.4) | 8.4 (7.5–9.4) | 55.5 (54.7–56.2) |
| Rural | 56.6 (54.8–58.4) | 22.9 (21.9–24.1) | 17.2 (16.2–18.3) | 6.2 (5.6–7.0) | 14.2 (13.1–15.3) | 53.5 (53.0–54.1) |
| Years of schooling | ||||||
| No schooling | 66.0 (63.7–68.2) | 35.2 (33.2–37.3) | 33.6 (31.4–35.9) | 12.0 (10.6–13.5) | 18.6 (17.2–20.1) | 51.0 (50.1–51.9) |
| 1–5 years | 63.0 (60.3–65.6) | 28.0 (25.6–30.6) | 18.7 (16.5–21.1) | 5.8 (4.7–7.2) | 18.6 (16.2–21.2) | 51.7 (50.9–52.5) |
| 6–9 years | 52.3 (49.8–54.8) | 17.5 (16.0–19.0) | 8.7 (7.6–9.9) | 4.3 (3.5–5.4) | 10.6 (9.2–12.2) | 54.3 (53.7–54.9) |
| 10+ years | 45.3 (42.3–48.4) | 16.0 (14.0–18.3) | 6.3 (5.5–7.2) | 3.7 (2.9–4.6) | 5.2 (4.4–6.2) | 57.5 (56.8–58.3) |
| Wealth quintile | ||||||
| Lowest | 59.4 (56.7–62.0) | 28.2 (25.9–30.7) | 24.2 (21.7–26.9) | 8.5 (7.0–10.2) | 19.4 (17.3–21.6) | 48.0 (47.2–48.8) |
| Second | 57 (53.9–60.1) | 23.6 (21.6–25.6) | 18.5 (16.5–20.6) | 6.7 (5.6–8.0) | 15 (13.3–16.8) | 52.1 (51.4–52.8) |
| Middle | 55.7 (51.8–59.6) | 22.0 (19.9–24.3) | 14.3 (12.8–16.0) | 6.5 (5.4–7.8) | 13.9 (12.3–15.6) | 53.7 (53.0–54.5) |
| Fourth | 56.9 (53.4–60.4) | 21.9 (19.9–24.0) | 11.1 (9.8–12.6) | 5.2 (4.0–6.7) | 10.2 (8.7–12.0) | 55.6 (54.8–56.4) |
| Highest | 46.7 (43.8–49.6) | 17.3 (15.3–19.4) | 7.6 (6.6–8.7) | 3.5 (2.8–4.3) | 4.9 (4.0–6.0) | 58.7 (58.0–59.4) |
| Country | ||||||
| China | 55 (52.5–57.4) | 20.3 (19.1–21.7) | 5.6 (4.9–6.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 12.5 (11.4–13.6) | 54.9 (54.2–55.6) |
| Ghana | 62.1 (58.6–65.4) | 22.0 (19.3–25.1) | 16.7 (14.7–18.9) | 5.2 (4.0–6.7) | 8.9 (7.4–10.8) | 52.3 (51.4–53.1) |
| India | 51.6 (49.8–53.4) | 22.0 (20.5–23.5) | 26.2 (24.6–27.9) | 11.6 (10.1–13.2) | 10.9 (9.8–12.1) | 53.7 (53.1–54.4) |
| Mexico | 52.7 (45.2–60.0) | 22.1 (18.2–26.4) | 19.0 (14.6–24.4) | 9.3 (6.5–13.1) | 6.9 (4.6–10.2) | 55.3 (53.8–56.9) |
| Russia | 59.7 (51.6–67.3) | 34.7 (27.4–42.8) | 11.6 (9.4–14.1) | 4.9 (3.6–6.7) | 11.3 (8.6–14.7) | 53.5 (52.2–54.9) |
| South Africa | 69.4 (62.2–75.8) | 22.5 (18.2–27.4) | 19.4 (14.9–24.9) | 5.0 (2.5–9.9) | 9.7 (7.0–13.3) | 53.8 (51.7–55.8) |
| Number of diseases | ||||||
| 0 | – | – | 7.1 (6.2–8.1) | 3.2 (2.5–4.0) | 5.8 (4.9–7.0) | 57.0 (56.3–57.6) |
| 1 | – | – | 11.6 (10.6–12.6) | 4.7 (3.9–5.7) | 10.1 (8.9–11.4) | 54.3 (53.7–54.9) |
| 2 | – | – | 25.0 (22.6–27.4) | 9.8 (8.2–11.6) | 18.7 (16.8–20.7) | 51.0 (50.2–51.8) |
| 3 | – | – | 37.1 (33.5–40.8) | 12.3 (10.1–14.9) | 33.5 (30.2–36.9) | 47.0 (45.9–48.0) |
| 4+ | – | – | 58.7 (53.4–63.8) | 27.0 (22.1–32.4) | 50.0 (45.2–54.7) | 43.3 (42.0–44.6) |
| Total | 54.2 (52.7–55.8) | 21.9 (20.9–22.9) | 14.0 (13.2–14.8) | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 11.6 (10.9–12.4) | 54.4 (53.9–54.9) |
Percentage estimates are weighted by the pooled country weight. Higher WHOQoL score indicates better quality of life (on a scale of 0 to 100)