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. 2015 Jul 27;9:3911–3922. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S84560

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© 2015 Rouhollahi et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Immunohistochemical expression of PCNA in colon tissues of control and experimental groups of rats.

Notes: (A and B) (a) Group A. (b) Group B. (c) Group C. (d) Group D. (e) Group E. PCNA protein expression is illustrated as brown staining. (A) Scale bar: 10 µm. (B) Scale bar: 100 µm. (C) Quantitative data expressing the PCNA protein level illustrate that there was significant downregulation in groups C–E compared with the cancer control group. Data are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean (n=6). Values are statistically significant at *P<0.05. The five groups of rats were A: normal control; B: cancer control; C: low dose of DECPR; D: high dose of DECPR; and E: 5-fluorouracil treatment control. The yellow arrows show brown staining demonstrating a significant downregulation of PCNA in groups C–E compared with the cancer control group.

Abbreviations: DECPR, dichloromethane extract of Curcuma purpurascens rhizome; PI, proliferation index; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen.