Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression estimating the adjusted odds for death, the adjusted odds for severe (incapacitating or fatal) injury, and the adjusted odds for death given severe injury.
| Covariate | Model 1 (n = 4,270,491) Overall death Adjusted OR (95% CI)* |
Model 2 (n = 4,270,491) Overall severe injury Adjusted OR (95% CI)* |
Model 3 (n = 102,550) Death given severe injury Adjusted OR (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|
| RUCC | |||
| 1–3 urban | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 4–5 partly rural | 1.19 (1.11–1.29) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.09 (1.01–1.19) |
| 6–7 rural | 1.51 (1.43–1.59) | 1.24 (1.22–1.27) | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) |
| 8–9 very rural | 1.91 (1.73–2.11) | 1.59 (1.53–1.66) | 1.31 (1.18–1.46) |
| Person | |||
| Age | |||
| 0–14 | 0.75 (0.68–0.84) | 0.72 (0.70–0.75) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) |
| 15–39 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 40–64 | 1.75 (1.67–1.84) | 1.20 (1.18–1.21) | 1.61 (1.53–1.69) |
| 65–79 | 4.55 (4.25–4.87) | 1.60 (1.56–1.64) | 3.63 (3.37–3.92) |
| ≥80 | 11.06 (10.17–12.04) | 2.34 (2.26–2.44) | 7.10 (6.45–7.82) |
| Male | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 0.76 (0.75–0.77) | 1.33 (1.27–1.39) |
| Driver | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Front passenger | 1.07 (1.02–1.14) | 1.16 (1.14–1.19) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
| Rear passenger | 0.84 (0.78–0.89) | 0.71 (0.69–0.73) | 1.12 (1.05–1.21) |
| Unbelted | 11.31 (10.80–11.86) | 4.39 (4.31–4.46) | 3.20 (3.05–3.36) |
| Ejected from vehicle | 13.69 (12.98–14.44) | 10.51 (10.17–10.87) | 2.90 (2.74–3.07) |
| Vehicle/Crash | |||
| Alcohol involved | 3.10 (2.94–3.26) | 1.92 (1.88–1.97) | 2.10 (1.99–2.22) |
| High speed | 2.93 (2.81–3.06) | 2.01 (1.99–2.05) | 1.72 (1.65–1.80) |
| Midnight to 6 AM | 1.67 (1.57–1.77) | 1.30 (1.27–1.33) | 1.42 (1.33–1.52) |
| 6 AM to noon | 1.23 (1.17–1.30) | 1.15 (1.13–1.17) | 1.13 (0.07–1.20) |
| Noon to 6 PM | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 6 PM to midnight | 1.16 (1.10–1.22) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) |
| >1 car collision | 0.77 (0.74–0.81) | 0.70 (0.69–0.71) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) |
| Poor visibility | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | 1.15 (1.13–1.17) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) |
| Slippery road | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) | 0.80 (0.79–0.82) | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) |
| Interstate highway | 1.28 (1.21–1.35) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | 1.15 (1.09–1.22) |
| Southern state | 1.75 (1.68–1.82) | 2.42 (2.39–2.46) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) |
| Constant | 0.000297 | 0.0109 | 0.0225 |
CI = confidence interval, RUCC = rural–urban continuum code.
*
OR = odds ratio.