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. 2015 Jul 29;10:4797–4813. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S84703

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© 2015 Arzani et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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The mean plasma concentration of carvedilol after a single oral dose (8 mg/kg) of plain (A), bile salt-enriched (B) or charged niosomes (C) compared to carvedilol suspension in rats (n=6, mean ± SEM).

Notes: SC20%, 20% SC-enriched niosomes; SC30%, 30% SC-enriched niosomes; STC20%, 20% STC enriched niosomes; STC30%, 30% STC enriched niosomes; CTAB10%, cationic niosomes containing 10% CTAB; DCP10%, anionic niosomes containing 10% DCP.

Abbreviations: CTAB, hexadecyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide; DCP, dicetyl phosphate; PN, plain niosomes; Susp, suspension; F, formulation; SC, sodium cholate; SEM, standard error of the mean; STC, sodium taurocholate.