is increased in the SN with 3 months of wheel running exercise. The expression of hif1α (A), epas1 (B), egln1 (C), and vegfA (D) in the SN from WT mice after 3 months of exercise or SH was measured by qPCR. Epas1 (B) in the SN of exercised mice is significantly elevated (*= p≤0.02). mRNA levels are normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA and compared to expression in SH. Epas1 expression from mice in SH+MPTP and exercise + MPTP showed no changes, neither did hif1α, egln1, or vegfA expression in any condition.