TABLE 2.

Fold Changes and P Values of Putative Markers in Urine of Mice Exposed to Protons

	Fold change		P value
Metabolite	0.5 Gy	2 Gy	Sham vs. 0.5 Gy	Sham vs. 2 Gy
Dihydrouracil	8.34	5.20	0.0004	0.0008
L-carnitine*	1.62	2.42	0.005	<0.0001
Phenylpyruvic acid	0.58	0.37	0.0441	0.0055
Xanthurenic acid*	3.33	3.64	0.002	<0.0001
Epinephrine	0.31	0.41	0.0071	0.0152
Norepinephrine	0.20	0.16	0.0071	0.0058
N-acetylornithine	0.89	1.41	0.6917	0.2212
N-acetyl-L-alanine	2.36	2.35	<0.0001	<0.0001
Aminoadipic acid	2.47	2.28	<0.0001	0.0008
Fumaric acid	3.09	2.75	0.0019	0.0028
Citric acid*	0.58	1.05	0.0005	0.6258
Leucine/isoleucine	2.78	1.69	0.0071	0.1228
L-proline	0.47	0.49	0.0198	0.031
L-glutamic acid	2.82	2.10	0.0083	0.0143
L-phenylalanine	0.44	0.26	0.002	0.0003
Methylmalonic acid	12.34	6.44	0.0028	0.1242
SDMA	1.49	1.83	0.0107	0.0003
Pantothenic acid*	1.23	1.67	0.1023	0.0004
Kynurenic acid*	1.45	2.01	0.1066	0.0006
N-acetylspermidine*	1.82	2.77	0.0171	0.005
Uric acid*	2.91	3.31	0.0019	0.012
Hippuric acid*	0.39	0.23	0.0102	0.0028
Hexanoylglycine*	2.03	3.63	0.0016	0.0034
Creatine*	1.45	3.00	0.2571	0.0216
Oxoglutaric acid*	0.48	1.42	0.0005	0.0007
Choline	0.68	0.15	0.4864	0.041
2′-deoxyruridine	138.48	339.38	0.01	0.0014

^*Designates metabolites that were validated through MS/MS by matching to fragmentation patterns of pure chemicals and/or through the online database METLIN.