Table 1. Characteristics of the study population with and without metabolic syndrome.
| Overall | Without metabolic syndrome | With metabolic syndrome | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3200 | 2465 | 735 | |
| Age (years) | 48.5(8.8) | 47.5(9.4) | 51.8(5.2) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m 2 ) | 27.5(3.5) | 26.6(3.0) | 30.6(3.5) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.7(9.7) | 94.1(8.5) | 105.6(8.4) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.49(0.98) | 5.43(0.98) | 5.70(0.96) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.58(1.02) | 1.37(0.82) | 2.31(1.26) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.37(0.28) | 1.41(0.28) | 1.23(0.26) | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) * | 3.41(0.83) | 3.39(0.83) | 3.46(0.80) | 0.08 |
| Systolic BP † (mmHg) | 126.3(14.3) | 124.0(13.2) | 134.3(15.0) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP † (mmHg) | 83.3(9.8) | 81.4(9.3) | 89.8(8.8) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.30(0.61) | 5.17(0.56) | 5.71(0.59) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR ‡ | 1.6(1.2) | 1.3(0.9) | 2.5(1.6) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.4(0.3) | 5.4(0.3) | 5.5(0.3) | <0.001 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 39.9(26.5) | 34.5(20.9) | 58.0(34.2) | <0.001 |
| Clinical hypertension (%) | 27.6 | 19.9 | 53.3 | <0.001 |
Average and standard deviation of clinical, physical, and biochemical parameters. P values were calculated from t-tests.
*n = 3136 due to missing values.
†BP: Blood Pressure.
‡HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance.